There be句型 & have/has 知识精讲
一、定义
★
There be句型 表示某处存在某物/某人。
如:There is
a book
on the desk
.
翻译:书桌上有一本书。
二、句型结构
◆
1> There
is +可数名词单数/不可数名词
+ 其它.
◆
2> There
are +可数名词复数
+其它.
即:be动词要与后面名词的数保持一致
。
如:
There is a map on the wall.
There are two maps on the wall.
◆
3> 当句中有两个或两个以上的名词时,be动词要与
跟它最靠近的名词的数保持一致
,称为
就近原则
。
如:
There
are
two boys
and a girl under the tree.
(two boys 最靠近be动词)
There
is
a girl
and two boys under the tree.
(a girl 最靠近be动词)
三、句型转换
■1> 否定句:
在be动词后加not。
如:
There
is
a book on the desk.
→变否:There
is
not
a book on the desk.
缩写后变成:There
isn't
a book on the desk.
注意:
肯定句中如含有some,在变成否定句时,要把some变any
如:
There
are
some
books on the desk.
→变否:There
aren't
any
books on the desk.
■2> 一般疑问句:
把be动词调到句首,句号变问号。
如:
There
is
a book on the desk
.
→变疑:
Is
there
a book on the desk
?
注意:
当句中含有some时,变为疑问句时,要将some变为any。
There
are
some
books on the desk.
→变疑:
Are
there
any
books on the desk?
■3> 特殊疑问句
对可数名词的数量进行提问,用
How many
如:
There are
five
people in the room.(对划线部分提问)
→
How many
people are there in the room?
四、have/has的用法
has用于主语三单,have用在主语非三单。
have的第三人称单数形式是:has。
第三人称单数,简称三单。符合三单的情况有:
◆
he/she/it作主语时
◆
单个人名/地名/称呼等作主语时
◆
the/this/that+可数名词单数作主语时
◆
不可数名词作主语时
如:
He
has
a book.
My mother
has
a book.
That cat
has
big eyes.
(主语He/My mother/The cat符合三单)
I
have
a book.
You
have
a book.
They
have
some books.
(主语I/You/They不符合三单)
◆
注意:
1. 助动词do/does后加动词原形
2. 其中助动词does用在主语三单,其它情况用do
如:
Do
you
have
a car?
Does
he
have
a car?
I
don’t
have
a car.
He
doesn’t
have
a car.
五、There be句型与have/has的用法区别
■1
小学英语There be句型和have-has的区别与用法